Even in the age of GPS, navigating with a compass remains important.
Especially for outdoor enthusiasts.
But the compass is not always as simple as it seems.
One of the aspects to understand is “variation.

– Variation, also known as magnetic variation, is the difference between magnetic north and true north.
– This difference is caused by the Earth’s magnetic field.
– Earth’s magnetic field is not perfectly aligned with Earth’s geographic poles.
– So, the magnetic north that your compass points to, and the true north on your map, do not match exactly.

This difference between compass north and map north is called Variation.
A term more commonly used is Declination.
Variation is actually the term used in shipping for this magnetic anomaly.

Map reading with map and compass

Why is Variation Important?

Understanding variation is crucial to accurate compass navigation. Why is that so?

Without considering variation, you can get far from your goal.
This is because your compass points to magnetic north and not true north.
It can be confusing, but it is an essential concept to understand when using a map and compass.

How to Apply Variation.

So how do we apply variation when navigating with a compass?

1. Find the variation for your location: Variation varies from place to place. It may even change over time. You can find the variation for your location on most topographic maps or online.
2. Apply the variation: Add or subtract the variation from your compass heading, depending on whether the variation is east or west.
3. Navigate with your custom compass: Now your compass needle points to geographic north. You can navigate accurately with your map and compass.

For example, suppose you are in Amsterdam, where the variation is about 2 degrees east.
So, if you want to follow a course of 90 degrees east, you would actually have to follow a course of 88 degrees on your compass.

Map on back during expedition in snow

Further Learning about Navigating with a Compass

Understanding variation is only part of learning to navigate with a compass. But it is an important part.

– Variation is the difference between the magnetic north your compass points to and true north.
– This difference is caused by the Earth’s magnetic field.
– You have to account for variation to navigate accurately with a map and compass.
– You can find the variation for your location and apply it to your compass heading.

If you want to learn more about using a compass and map, we recommend attending a map and compass workshop.
Workshops like this one are ideal for learning compass skills.
They offer hands-on experience and instruction from experts in the field.
It is a great way to learn the theory and practice of compass navigation.

– In these workshops you will learn how to apply variation or declination correctly.
– You will also learn other important aspects of map and compass navigation.
– In addition, you will have the opportunity to practice your new skills.
– So you can experience what it’s like to navigate in the real world.

At Arctic Adventure, the workshops are not just about theory.
You get the many exercises to learn by doing.
This makes learning much more fun and effective.

– You will learn in small groups under the guidance of experienced instructors.
– You will, of course, have the opportunity to ask questions and receive immediate feedback.
– This helps you learn quickly and improve your skills.

Mastering compass navigation takes time and practice.
But don’t let that discourage you.
Anyone can learn these skills with proper training and practice.
So, keep practicing, keep learning, and you’ll soon be navigating with confidence.

And remember, it’s not just about reaching your destination.
It is also about the adventure of the journey.

If you want to learn more about Arctic Adventure’s workshops, check out our calendar.
There you will find information about their offerings and how to apply.
So, what are you waiting for?
Start your navigation adventure today!